Eddie,
they are really no gray areas in the situations you describe.
Yes, it against copyright laws to make a "This is what I want you all to learn" CD. However, everyone does it and no one will ever get in trouble over it -- but that doesn't mean it isn't against the copyright laws.
Libraries purchase books and only can only be checked out by one user at a time (even the electronic books have this restriction).
Your music -- ha, ha -- if someone else publishes it then you can't make multiple copies and give that out (I am not too sure about this one).
Kevin