But I don't understand the function of the extra short tube on top.
The tube on the Venova has a cylindrical bore. That means that it
should behave like a clarinet, which also has a cylindrical bore.
However, the additional pipe gives the instrument
two open ends, with the reed
in between. As a result, the instrument behaves similar to a conical bore instrument.
One result of this a timbre which sounds more like a saxophone than a clarinet. You can hear this in Linsey's
Cylisax.
Also, instruments with a cylindrical bore
and are closed at one end aren't able to support the second harmonic. The reason for this is too complicated for me to grasp.
Since the Venova is open at both ends, another result of the second tube is that it overblows (much more conveniently) at the octave.