I find that I keep going back to certain references to point out certain signal processing techniques (and to re-teach myself) and rather than just keep links to myself, I thought I might share them here.

I will subscribe to this thread, and if others add links, I'll edit the top post and include your links.

Equalization:
Ethan Winer's EQ guide
Nice discussion of Parametric EQ with pix
Harmony Central's discussion on Equalization

Dynamics Processing:
Wikipedia article on dynamics processing
Another article on dynamics processing

Reverb:


Delay:


Flanging:


Amplifiers and distortion: