I learned a lot of this about 40 years ago. It's not really that hard if you are willing to put in the time. Once you figure out what is happening, repetition will teach you to do it well.

As for playing without analyzing, I'm not sure that's possible. What many of us do is play enough (like Notes and Noel said) that we hear changes we have played in different songs. Your mind is analyzing but you don't realize it. Kind of like driving after a few years.

Two things helped me a lot. The first was learning scale degrees. The second was sight singing, a form of ear training. If you can find some songs that use a few common intervals, you can do a lot. Try 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1-3-5, 1 to 4, 1 to 5. For example, 1-3-5 is the first three notes of Johnny B. Good. 1 to 4 is Here Comes the Bride. Even though these are not chords, this knowledge can help you figure out chords.

There is a lot of good advice above. Hope you find something that works for you.

2b

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