Hi Jan,
I am not going to recommend a mic, since it is in the end always a personal thing, but I try to show some things that might help you in chosing one. Best way though is go into a shop and try them out.
Chose dynamic mikes, condenser, or ribbon? There you got allready a choice that determines a lot in your recording. I try to mention the most important things to consider, in a generalized way (because I aim it at this question):
Advantage/disadvantage/usage/budget versus quality
Dynamic: adv.:
* more robust than the other types
* often cheaper
* no extra power needed
* more related to "live"situations: less chance for feedback (because it's lower sensitivity especially for the high frequencies)
disadv.:
* less responsive ("lazier", not very suitable for softer sounds)
* less lineair recordings
usage:
* live performance
* studio (louder)instrument miking
* for vocals less used than condensers
budget:
There are already some pretty nice ones for little money (starting around 50-100 euro)
Condenser:adv:
* very responsive
* more clear and lineair recording (what you hear is what you get)
*
(imo the best choice for vocals)disadv.:
* Powersupply needed (mostly +48v--> on a lot of mixerdesks build in -phantom power, or use a seperate unit especially for supplying this phantom power). Some optionally use also batteries, which skips the need of the power options mentioned above.
* Vulnerable, so more sensitive for damage
* More feedbackchance in a system where you work with speakers such as live performance (studio: if you are not doing this yet: use headphones to eliminate this and as well crosstalk from the speakers).
usage:
* mostly studio
* almost every source
budget: There are already some pretty nice ones for little money (starting around 50-100 euro)
Ribbon: A bit of-condenser-like microphone, but precharged. (don't react with it is different, coz I know, it is just the response quality I talk about) Thus:
adv.:
* Very responsive
* no extra power needed
* often very cheap (but that is really much less quality then the more expensive ones).
disadv.:
* Extremely vulnerable
Usage:
* studio
budget: The real nice ribbons are more expensive (starting from approx 200-300 euro)
Then to end this thing a nice priced internet providing shop in Europe with quite a large assortment:
Online shop