Dynamic mics are not affected by phantom power.

The rest I'm having difficulty understanding your exact question.

Most interfaces will work with a variety of mics. Most Condenser mics are not 1/4" jacks.... they use XLR.

USB mics generally are not good for recording.

Most gear is fairly bullet proof so you can plug things in with various configurations and not release the magic smoke. It all sounds like line level stuff so it should be fine.

You can find my music at:
www.herbhartley.com
Add nothing that adds nothing to the music.
You can make excuses or you can make progress but not both.

The magic you are looking for is in the work you are avoiding.