Log in to post
|
Print Thread |
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876
Expert
|
OP
Expert
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876 |
Hey there fellow forumites,
So I recently upgraded to a custom rig that, although I use it most the time for my work unrelated to music (I work remotely), I specced it out with all these extra goodies specifically with BiaB in mind (OK, I confess I also added a nice graphics card so my son could game on it now and again).
After a fair amount of research, I decided to go with a custom rig I had a local dealer assemble for me. I had determined that with respect to the CPU, I wanted the i5-9600k. The CPU, paired 16 GBs of DDR4 RAM, a smallish SSD and a large HDD, has utterly changed by experience with BiaB/RB for the better with respect to RT generation times and overall smooth operations.
From what I've read in these forums over the years, and keeping in mind that I am not very computer literate compared to a lot of you folks, there is a serious curve of diminishing returns with respect to BiaB and one's PC hardware. That said, I like running lots of VST(i)s/plugins now and again, and am also aware that the "k" in 9600k has something to do with overclocking. (Tbh, the overclocking thing was not a substantial factor in choosing the CPU...it was the number of cores, threads, and the fact that it runs at 3.7 Ghz).
However, as a guy whose mother always told him to eat his peas, I hate to see something go to waste. And if there is some untapped capacity that my CPU was designed for, I want to avail myself of it if it can enhance my user experience and workflow. So does the "K" mean the chip is already overclocked, or that it is safe to do so? If the latter, will I get much out of overclocking it for my particular uses? What would be the best way to go about it?
I've seen posts on various forums about the dangers of overclocking and how it can melt your CPU, and as I mentioned, as someone who uses his PC for my regular dayjob 75 to 90 percent of the time, (which involves lots of word docs, excel spreadsheets and the like) I don't want to assume the slightest risk of ruining my brand new PC for whatever marginal advantages, if any, I could get from overclocking my CPU.
Any advice, insights, or incites would be greatly appreciated!
TIA :-)
DB09
Band-in-a-Box 2024. Custom Build Desktop PC W/ Windows 10 Home 64-bit. CPU: Intel Core i5-9600k @ 3.7GHz (6 core x 6 threads) RAM: 16GB DDR4. Storage 238GB SSD + 2.7 TB HDD. GPU: ZOTAC NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 2,732
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 2,732 |
Overclocking tends to be used by gamers to squeeze that extra little bit of graphics power out of the card to increase video speed in games. I've dabbled in this in the past and there's a fine point at which you increase this and it crashes the PC. I tend not to do overclock because of this tendency to crash. I do have a high end PC with an expensive video card so I can game and also do video rendering. If you have a nice video card, just let it run normally, not sure if overclocking would do anything at all for audio. .....one man's opinion of course! 
 Steve BIAB/RB 2022, Pro Tools 2020, Korg N5, JBL LSR 4328 Powered Monitors, AKG/Shure Mics. PC: Win11 PRO, 4 TB M2 SSD, 2 TB HD, 128 GB Memory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058 |
No.
I value stability over speed.
BIAB 2025 Win Audiophile. Software: Studio One 7 Pro, Swam horns, Acoustica-7, Notion 6, Song Master Pro, Win 11 Home. Hardware: Intel i9, 32 Gb; Roland Integra-7, Presonus 192 & Faderport 8, Royer 121, Adam Sub8 & Neumann 120 monitors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Jun 2003
Posts: 507
Journeyman
|
Journeyman
Joined: Jun 2003
Posts: 507 |
............ So does the "K" mean the chip is already overclocked, or that it is safe to do so?
It means it is capable of overclocking. If the latter, will I get much out of overclocking it for my particular uses? Doubtful. I've not noticed any difference on my rig. Then again, haven't tried with a mess of vst's. Your son's games might benefit. What would be the best way to go about it? You would set the parameters in the BIOS. Instructions should have come with the motherboard (if self-assembled) or with the computer. Tons of instruction on the web. Here's a random example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVdwyxsqGA0Looks like that's a Gigabyte mobo. My ASUS has a simpler (UEFI) interface. I would suggest reading up on overclocking before attempting it, because, as you mention, some of the parameterization is potentially damaging if misused. Good luck. -Ron
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Dec 2011
Posts: 2,434
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Dec 2011
Posts: 2,434 |
I do overclock my rig a bit as you can see from my sig. As mentioned above, the key is stability and controlled temperatures. Stability can be proven through long stress testing and temperature control results from using heat tubes for air cooling or water or nitrogen liquid cooling. With that said, will you see significant improvements in BIAB generation times...marginally...I do notice some with a slightly less than 10% overclock. Since you have a K series processor and if you'd like to play with this a bit, take a look at a special app from Intel called ETU, Extreme Tuning Utility. If you do overclock, be sure to run extended stress tests after you tweak the processor and cache ratios. Run the stress test for hours! If you gone too far, your system will shut down during an extended stress test or during a defrag or during a full virus scan...all of which place huge loads on the system. More than likely this will result from temps getting to high. If this happens back off on the processor and cache ratios. Only use the basic tuning section, do not go into the advanced tuning section or you risk serious issues. Here is a link to that app --->>> https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/24075/Intel-Extreme-Tuning-Utility-Intel-XTU-Jeff
Win11, Intel i7 7700K 4.2Ghz, 32Gb RAM, 2x1Tb HD, 500Gb NVMe, BIAB/RB 2025, MOTU 828MK3 audio, MOTU Midi Express, Yamaha Montage 7, DX7II, TX802, Motif XS Rack, Roland Fantom XR Rack, Oberheim Matrix 1000, VoiceLive3 Extreme, Kontakt 6, SampleTank 4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876
Expert
|
OP
Expert
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876 |
Thanks for all the advice, guys!
I think that I'll go with the age-old "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" adage for now. :-)
Band-in-a-Box 2024. Custom Build Desktop PC W/ Windows 10 Home 64-bit. CPU: Intel Core i5-9600k @ 3.7GHz (6 core x 6 threads) RAM: 16GB DDR4. Storage 238GB SSD + 2.7 TB HDD. GPU: ZOTAC NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Aug 2011
Posts: 10,820
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Aug 2011
Posts: 10,820 |
You can overclock a little, some more or a lot. While the plus side is the system runs faster than normal there are several negative side effects. Overclocking puts an additional strain on every system component, especially the power supply. The more you overclock the more heat is generated. The extra heat must be removed from the system or the system can overheat.
I would not overclock without consulting with your system builder. Does your system have the reserves needed to support overclocking? If so then by how much, a little, some or a lot? How about later on when you've added more system components or once the system has accumulated some dust bunnies?
Jim Fogle - 2025 BiaB (Build 1128) RB (Build 5) - Ultra+ PAK DAWs: Cakewalk Sonar - Standalone: Zoom MRS-8 Laptop: i3 Win 10, 8GB ram 500GB HDD Desktop: i7 Win 11, 12GB ram 256GB SSD, 4 TB HDD Music at: https://fogle622.wix.com/fogle622-audio-home
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 20,330
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Jun 2012
Posts: 20,330 |
I concur with the O/P's final decision. Don't over-clock. Stability is far more important. If the CPU designer thought the processor should run faster, they would have already done that when it was manufactured.
BIAB & RB2025 Win.(Audiophile), Sonar Platinum, Cakewalk by Bandlab, Izotope Prod.Bundle, Roland RD-1000, Synthogy Ivory, Kontakt, Focusrite 18i20, KetronSD2, NS40M Monitors, Pioneer Active Monitors, AKG K271 Studio H'phones
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Feb 2017
Posts: 3,414
PG Music Staff
|
PG Music Staff
Joined: Feb 2017
Posts: 3,414 |
It looks like you've got some pretty concrete answers already but I would advise against adjusting that stuff - unless you are a hardcore gamer it really isn't necessary.
Cheers, Deryk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876
Expert
|
OP
Expert
Joined: Mar 2017
Posts: 876 |
It looks like you've got some pretty concrete answers already but I would advise against adjusting that stuff - unless you are a hardcore gamer it really isn't necessary. Thanks Derek, Although my 14 year old son is really into gaming, and he loves to use my new PC, I could personally care less about it, so I'm gonna take everyone's advice here and leave things as they are.
Band-in-a-Box 2024. Custom Build Desktop PC W/ Windows 10 Home 64-bit. CPU: Intel Core i5-9600k @ 3.7GHz (6 core x 6 threads) RAM: 16GB DDR4. Storage 238GB SSD + 2.7 TB HDD. GPU: ZOTAC NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Apr 2009
Posts: 10,379
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Apr 2009
Posts: 10,379 |
I use the same philosophy..... if it ain't broke, don't try to fix it.
Talk about leaving unused potential on the table, or in the box as it were..... I'm running a chip capable of quad core operation in 64 bit mode....with an old ( not supported anymore) 32 bit XP Pro operating system. That's leaving a ton of unexploited potential unused.
Why, you might ask?
Well, I also built a custom machine and decided to load that OS because it was know for it's stability. Without any of the junk stuff in it, it is and has been and should continue to be a solid platform from which to work. It's also not connected to the internet and therefore doesn't pick up anything malicious and no unwanted update attempts that screw up and reset settings carefully selected to run clean.
Just my observation and opinion.
Last edited by Guitarhacker; 06/10/19 03:16 AM.
You can find my music at: www.herbhartley.comAdd nothing that adds nothing to the music. You can make excuses or you can make progress but not both. The magic you are looking for is in the work you are avoiding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058 |
Ok, a little more on this.
When they test chips, they rate them and sell them at speeds known to work without overheating. Individual CPUs vary. You might be lucky and get one that can be sped up by 20%. Others will crash if you are stressing them at all.
In my opinion, it’s not worth messing with. Spend the time cleaning dust out of your case and off the fans. Your CPU will thank you.
BIAB 2025 Win Audiophile. Software: Studio One 7 Pro, Swam horns, Acoustica-7, Notion 6, Song Master Pro, Win 11 Home. Hardware: Intel i9, 32 Gb; Roland Integra-7, Presonus 192 & Faderport 8, Royer 121, Adam Sub8 & Neumann 120 monitors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 2,732
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 2,732 |
Agreed. I'm overdue to take my PC outside and take the leaf blower to it. Found this works a lot better than putting on tiny attachments to the shop vac. 
 Steve BIAB/RB 2022, Pro Tools 2020, Korg N5, JBL LSR 4328 Powered Monitors, AKG/Shure Mics. PC: Win11 PRO, 4 TB M2 SSD, 2 TB HD, 128 GB Memory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Jul 2000
Posts: 27,058 |
Steve, I do that, too. One tip: secure the fan blades from over-revving. That can damage a fan.
BIAB 2025 Win Audiophile. Software: Studio One 7 Pro, Swam horns, Acoustica-7, Notion 6, Song Master Pro, Win 11 Home. Hardware: Intel i9, 32 Gb; Roland Integra-7, Presonus 192 & Faderport 8, Royer 121, Adam Sub8 & Neumann 120 monitors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Topic
|
Joined: Apr 2009
Posts: 10,379
Veteran
|
Veteran
Joined: Apr 2009
Posts: 10,379 |
Agreed. I'm overdue to take my PC outside and take the leaf blower to it. Found this works a lot better than putting on tiny attachments to the shop vac. Yep... but don't use the garden hose or the power washer.
You can find my music at: www.herbhartley.comAdd nothing that adds nothing to the music. You can make excuses or you can make progress but not both. The magic you are looking for is in the work you are avoiding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ask sales and support questions about Band-in-a-Box using natural language.
ChatPG's knowledge base includes the full Band-in-a-Box User Manual and sales information from the website.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New RealTracks Released with Band-in-a-Box 2025!
We’ve expanded the Band-in-a-Box® RealTracks library with 202 incredible new RealTracks (in sets 449-467) across Jazz, Blues, Funk, World, Pop, Rock, Country, Americana, and Praise & Worship—featuring your most requested styles!
Jazz, Blues & World (Sets 449–455):
These RealTracks includes “Soul Jazz” with Neil Swainson (bass), Mike Clark (drums), Charles Treadway (organ), Miles Black (piano), and Brent Mason (guitar). Enjoy “Requested ’60s” jazz, classic acoustic blues with Colin Linden, and more of our popular 2-handed piano soloing. Plus, a RealTracks first—Tango with bandoneon, recorded in Argentina!
Rock & Pop (Sets 456–461):
This collection includes Disco, slap bass ‘70s/‘80s pop, modern and ‘80s metal with Andy Wood, and a unique “Songwriter Potpourri” featuring Chinese folk instruments, piano, banjo, and more. You’ll also find a muted electric guitar style (a RealTracks first!) and “Producer Layered Guitar” styles for slick "produced" sound.
Country, Americana & Praise (Sets 462–467):
We’ve added new RealTracks across bro country, Americana, praise & worship, vintage country, and songwriter piano. Highlights include Brent Mason (electric guitar), Eddie Bayers (drums), Doug Jernigan (pedal steel), John Jarvis (piano), Glen Duncan (banjo, mandolin & fiddle), Mike Harrison (electric bass) and more—offering everything from modern sounds to heartfelt Americana styles
Check out all the 202 New RealTracks (in sets 456-467)
And, if you are looking for more, the 2025 49-PAK (for $49) includes an additional 20 RealTracks with exciting new sounds and genre-spanning styles. Enjoy RealTracks firsts like Chinese instruments (guzheng & dizi), the bandoneon in an authentic Argentine tango trio, and the classic “tic-tac” baritone guitar for vintage country.
You’ll also get slick ’80s metal guitar from Andy Wood, modern metal with guitarist Nico Santora, bass player Nick Schendzielos, and drummer Aaron Stechauner, more praise & worship, indie-folk, modern/bro country with Brent Mason, and “Songwriter Americana” with Johnny Hiland.
Plus, enjoy user-requested styles like Soul Jazz RealDrums, fast Celtic Strathspey guitar, and Chill Hop piano & drums!
The 2025 49-PAK is loaded with other great new add-ons as well. Learn more about the 2025 49-PAK!
Bonus PAKs for Band-in-a-Box 2025 for Mac!
With your version 2025 for Mac Pro, MegaPAK, UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, Audiophile Edition or PlusPAK purchase, we'll include a Bonus PAK full of great new Add-ons FREE! Or upgrade to the 2025 49-PAK for only $49 to receive even more NEW Add-ons including 20 additional RealTracks!
These PAKs are loaded with additional add-ons to supercharge your Band-in-a-Box®!
This Free Bonus PAK includes:
- The 2025 RealCombos Booster PAK:
-For Pro customers, this includes 33 new RealTracks and 65+ new RealStyles.
-For MegaPAK customers, this includes 29 new RealTracks and 45+ new RealStyles.
-For UltraPAK customers, this includes 20 new RealStyles.
- Look Ma! More MIDI 13: Country & Americana
- Instrumental Studies Set 22: 2-Hand Piano Soloing - Rhythm Changes
- MIDI SuperTracks Set 44: Jazz Piano
- Artist Performance Set 17: Songs with Vocals 7
- Playable RealTracks Set 4
- RealDrums Stems Set 7: Jazz with Mike Clark
- SynthMaster Sounds and Styles (with audio demos)
- 128 GM MIDI Patch Audio Demos.
Looking for more great add-ons, then upgrade to the 2025 49-PAK for just $49 and you'll get:
- 20 Bonus Unreleased RealTracks and RealDrums with 20 RealStyles,
- FLAC Files (lossless audio files) for the 20 Bonus Unreleased RealTracks and RealDrums
- Look Ma! More MIDI 14: SynthMaster,
- Instrumental Studies Set 23: More '80s Hard Rock Soloing,
- MIDI SuperTracks Set 45: More SynthMaster
- Artist Performance Set 18: Songs with Vocals 8
- RealDrums Stems Set 8: Pop, Funk & More with Jerry Roe
Learn more about the Bonus PAKs for Band-in-a-Box® 2025 for Mac®!
New! Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Band-in-a-Box 2025 and Higher for Mac!
Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Mac & Windows Band-in-a-Box version 2025 (and higher) is here with 200 brand new RealStyles!
We're excited to bring you our latest and greatest in the all new Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Band-in-a-Box! This fresh installment is packed with 200 all-new styles spanning the rock & pop, jazz, and country genres you've come to expect, as well as the exciting inclusion of electronic styles!
In this PAK you’ll discover: Minimalist Modern Funk, New Wave Synth Pop, Hard Bop Latin Groove, Gospel Country Shuffle, Cinematic Synthwave, '60s Motown, Funky Lo-Fi Bossa, Heavy 1980s Metal, Soft Muted 12-8 Folk, J-Pop Jazz Fusion, and many more!
All the Xtra Styles PAKs 1 - 20 are on special for only $29 each (reg $49), or get all 209 PAKs for $199 (reg $399)! Order now!
Learn more and listen to demos of the Xtra Styles PAK 20.
Video: Xtra Styles PAK 20 Overview & Styles Demos: Watch now!
Note: The Xtra Styles require the UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition of Band-in-a-Box®. (Xtra Styles PAK 20 requires the 2025 or higher UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition. They will not work with the Pro or MegaPAK version because they need the RealTracks from the UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition.
New! XPro Styles PAK 9 for Band-in-a-Box 2025 and higher for Mac!
We've just released XPro Styles PAK 9 for Mac & Windows Band-in-a-Box version 2025 (and higher) with 100 brand new RealStyles, plus 29 RealTracks/RealDrums!
We've been hard at it to bring you the latest and greatest in this 9th installment of our popular XPro Styles PAK series! Included are 75 styles spanning the rock & pop, jazz, and country genres (25 styles each) that fans have come to expect, as well as 25 styles in this volume's wildcard genre: funk & R&B!
If you're itching to get a sneak peek at what's included in XPro Styles PAK 9, here is a small helping of what you can look forward to: Funky R&B Horns, Upbeat Celtic Rock, Jazz Fusion Salsa, Gentle Indie Folk, Cool '60s Soul, Funky '70s R&B, Smooth Jazz Hip Hop, Acoustic Rockabilly Swing, Funky Reggae Dub, Dreamy Retro Latin Jazz, Retro Soul-Rock Fusion, and much more!
Special Pricing! Until July 31, 2024, all the XPro Styles PAKs 1 - 9 are on sale for only $29 ea (Reg. $49 ea), or get them all in the XPro Styles PAK Bundle for only $149 (reg. $299)! Order now!
Learn more and listen to demos of XPro Styles PAKs.
Video: XPro Styles PAK 9 Overview & Styles Demos: Watch now!
XPro Styles PAKs require Band-in-a-Box® 2025 or higher and are compatible with ANY package, including the Pro, MegaPAK, UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, and Audiophile Edition.
New! Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Band-in-a-Box 2025 and Higher for Windows!
Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Windows & Mac Band-in-a-Box version 2025 (and higher) is here with 200 brand new RealStyles!
We're excited to bring you our latest and greatest in the all new Xtra Styles PAK 20 for Band-in-a-Box! This fresh installment is packed with 200 all-new styles spanning the rock & pop, jazz, and country genres you've come to expect, as well as the exciting inclusion of electronic styles!
In this PAK you’ll discover: Minimalist Modern Funk, New Wave Synth Pop, Hard Bop Latin Groove, Gospel Country Shuffle, Cinematic Synthwave, '60s Motown, Funky Lo-Fi Bossa, Heavy 1980s Metal, Soft Muted 12-8 Folk, J-Pop Jazz Fusion, and many more!
All the Xtra Styles PAKs 1 - 20 are on special for only $29 each (reg $49), or get all 209 PAKs for $199 (reg $399)! Order now!
Learn more and listen to demos of the Xtra Styles PAK 20.
Video: Xtra Styles PAK 20 Overview & Styles Demos: Watch now!
Note: The Xtra Styles require the UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition of Band-in-a-Box®. (Xtra Styles PAK 20 requires the 2025 or higher UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition. They will not work with the Pro or MegaPAK version because they need the RealTracks from the UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, or Audiophile Edition.
New! XPro Styles PAK 9 for Band-in-a-Box 2025 and higher for Windows!
We've just released XPro Styles PAK 9 for Windows & Mac Band-in-a-Box version 2025 (and higher) with 100 brand new RealStyles, plus 29 RealTracks/RealDrums!
We've been hard at it to bring you the latest and greatest in this 9th installment of our popular XPro Styles PAK series! Included are 75 styles spanning the rock & pop, jazz, and country genres (25 styles each) that fans have come to expect, as well as 25 styles in this volume's wildcard genre: funk & R&B!
If you're itching to get a sneak peek at what's included in XPro Styles PAK 9, here is a small helping of what you can look forward to: Funky R&B Horns, Upbeat Celtic Rock, Jazz Fusion Salsa, Gentle Indie Folk, Cool '60s Soul, Funky '70s R&B, Smooth Jazz Hip Hop, Acoustic Rockabilly Swing, Funky Reggae Dub, Dreamy Retro Latin Jazz, Retro Soul-Rock Fusion, and much more!
Special Pricing! Until July 31, 2024, all the XPro Styles PAKs 1 - 9 are on sale for only $29 ea (Reg. $49 ea), or get them all in the XPro Styles PAK Bundle for only $149 (reg. $299)! Order now!
Learn more and listen to demos of XPro Styles PAKs.
Video: XPro Styles PAK 9 Overview & Styles Demos: Watch now!
XPro Styles PAKs require Band-in-a-Box® 2025 or higher and are compatible with ANY package, including the Pro, MegaPAK, UltraPAK, UltraPAK+, and Audiophile Edition.
Video: Band-in-a-Box® 2025 for Mac®: VST3 Plugin Support
Band-in-a-Box® 2025 for Mac® now includes support for VST3 plugins, alongside VST and AU. Use them with MIDI or audio tracks for even more creative possibilities in your music production.
Band-in-a-Box® 2025 for Macs®: VST3 Plugin Support
Video: Band-in-a-Box® 2025 for Mac®: Using VST3 Plugins
Join the conversation on our forum.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forums58
Topics84,398
Posts778,683
Members39,648
|
Most Online25,754 Jan 24th, 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|