I think this is a much more complicated question than you realise.

I think that styles will not really help much with that.

There are some common chord progressions that you probably should learn. The easiest is probably the 12-bar Blues, but even that has some variations:

Standard 12-bar blues - Major.
|:I | I | I | I |
| IV | IV | I | I |
| V | V | I | I :|


Standard 12-bar blues - minor.
|:i | i | i | i |
| iv | iv | i | i |
| VI | V | i | i :|

Popular songs (from many eras) tend to use I, IV, V, vi in various orders.

Jazz tends to use ii V I, but also many key-centre changes.

Jazz relative beginner, starting at a much older age than was helpful.
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