What he's telling you about is properly called, "Accents" in musical terminology.

Shortened term for "accentuating" the note.

The caret above a note denotes the Accent.

With wind instruments, there is another accent symbol, which looks like the dash sign - above or below a notehead. This one is a "Breath Accent" -- which is done by applying more air pressure without any tonguing.

The caret accent symbol is the better choice for the Accents you are trying to describe from those examples.


--Mac

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