Seems like I might have found the problem.
In my ASIO backend setup, something in the pipeline somehow got 'muted'. I'm thinking Cubase might have done it that time it crashed when I was experimenting with the BIAB VST3 plugin.
It was at a point in the matrix where it didn't affect pure playback from BIABB, but it did somehow block something BIAB uses to render.
Seems to be working at the moment. Here's my first seemingly successful go at setting up a song, generating all the parts, and rendering a song to MP3 in BIAB. Yes it needs 'attention' but at least the 'test' worked

BIAB > Plogue Bidule > Garrtian JABB3
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GhziEoy_OOjQuad2Lnre_W2Ws5fpq6Ky/view?usp=sharingFingers crossed that it's sorted now.